荧光染料或标记物特征介绍
我们提供多种以花菁素系列及Fluor系列染料为代表的小分子荧光染料(一般是指分子量1000D左右的荧光染料),适合于各种检测仪器大部分的检测通道/滤光片,而且有许多小分子荧光染料可用于多重检测。这一系列荧光染料涵盖近紫外、可见光和近红外光谱,且与常见激发光源和仪器兼容。如下提供部分染料的详细介绍,可为用户选择荧光染料抗体蛋白标记试剂盒或荧光二抗、流式抗体等作为参考。
荧光染料特性对照表
| 发射光名称 | 染料名称 | 常用场景 | Ex max/Em max | 等同/近似光谱染料 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 蓝色 | Fluor350 | IF成像 | 346nm/445nm | AMCA, 香豆素 |
| 蓝紫色 | Fluor405 | FC,IF成像 | 400nm/424nm | |
| 绿色 | Cyanine2 | IF成像 | 490nm/510nm | |
| FITC | FC,IF成像 | 495nm/520nm | ||
| Fluorescein-X | FC | 495nm/519nm | ||
| Fluor488 | FC,IF成像 | 490nm/513nm | Cy2, Fluorescein-X,FITC (荧光素) | |
| 黄绿色 | Fluor430 | IF成像 | 430nm/545nm | |
| Fluor532 | IF成像 | 530nm/555nm | ||
| 黄色 | Cyanine3 | IF成像 | 548nm/563nm | |
| Fluor555 | IF成像 | 555nm/572nm | Cy3, TRITC (罗丹明) | |
| 橙色 | Fluor568 | IF成像,FC | 578nm/602nm | 罗丹明红 |
| Fluor590 | IF成像 | 590nm/620nm | ||
| Fluor594 | IF成像,FRET | 590nm/617nm | Texas Red | |
| 远红 | Fluor647 | FC,IF成像 | 651nm/668nm | Cy5,APC |
| Cyanine5 | IF成像 | 646nm/662nm | ||
| Cyanine5.5 | IF成像,FRET | 675nm/694nm | ||
| 近红 | Fluor680 | IF成像 | 680nm/702nm | Cy5.5, IR680 |
| Fluor700 | FC | 702nm/723nm | ||
| Fluor750 | IF成像 | 747nm/770nm | Cy7 | |
| Cyanine7 | IF成像,FRET | 750nm/773nm | ||
| Fluor770 | WB荧光 | 770nm/790nm |
荧光染料或标记物特性介绍
Fluor350
Fluor350是一种优异的蓝色荧光染料,是在香豆素染料7-AMCA骨架上进行改造后的染料,可作为AMCA的优异替代染料,常用于荧光成像和流式细胞分析中,具有良好的水溶性和pH值不敏感性。Fluor350的激发和发射光图谱与DAPI比较接近,可以直接用DAPI的滤片组来成像。




应用参考文献:
- Rothschild, K. J.; Gite, S.; Olejnik, J. Methods for the detection, analysis and isolation of nascent proteins. U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. US 20110250609,2011.
- Zauner, G.; Lonardi, E.; Bubacco, L.; Aartsma,T. J.; Canters, G. W.; Tepper, A. W. J. W.Tryptophan-to-dye fluorescence energy transferapplied to oxygen sensing by using type-3 copper proteins. Chem.- Eur. J. 2007, 13, 7085--7090.
- Gee, K. R.; Hart, C. CR.; Haugland, R.; Patton,W. F.; Whitney, S. Site-specific labeling of affinitytags in fusion proteins. U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. US.20060141554, 2006.
Fluor405
Fluor405蓝色荧光染料的激发/发射最大值为400/424nm,与目前在荧光显微镜和流式细胞术中广泛使用的405nm紫光激光器的光谱线近乎完美匹配,且激发和发射光谱和BV421染料的重合度很高。Fluor405是Cascade Blue染料的衍生物,但是经过结构改造后荧光特性更优。Fluor405染料与绿色荧光团的光谱重叠极小,使其成为多色应用的理想选择。



应用参考文献:
- Jones SA, Shim SH, He J, Zhuang .Fast, three-dimensional super-resolution imaging of live cells.Nat Methods. 2011 Jun;8(6):499-508.
- Camila van Zanten , Dzmitry Melnikau , Alan G Ryder.Effects of Viscosity and Refractive Index on the Emission and Diffusion Properties of Alexa Fluor 405 Using Fluorescence Correlation and Lifetime Spectroscopies.J Fluoresc. 2021 May;31(3):835-845.
Fluor430
在400-450nm波长范围内吸收光的活性染料中,500nm波长以上通常不会产生明显的荧光。而Fluor430染料填补了这一波长范围的空白。该染料在430nm的吸收峰值附近进行激发时,会伴随着极大的斯托克斯位移和强烈的黄绿色荧光。


应用参考文献:
- Tsilivakos, V.; Gritzapis, A. Method of intracellular infectious agent detection in sperm cells. PCT Int.Appl. WO 2013144662, 2013.
- Arcangeli, A.; Becchetti, A.; Pillozzi, S.; Masselli,M.; De Lorenzo, E. Method and kit for the prevention and/or the monitoring of chemoresistance of leukemia forms. PCT Int. Appl. WO 2011058509,2011.
- Lewis B, Rathman S, McMahon RJ.Detection and quantification of biotinylated proteins using the Storm 840 Optical Scanner.J Nutr Biochem.2003 Apr;14(4):196-202.
Fluor488
Fluor488是磺化后的罗丹明绿。通过引入两个磺酸根离子,Fluor488的水溶性大大增强,pH稳定性,光稳定性也提高。和荧光素类染料不同,Fluor488的荧光在较宽的pH范围内(4-10)保持不变。由于带多个负电荷,Fluor488不易分子间聚集,多个染料分子标记同一蛋白时,不易荧光自淬灭(self quenching),或引起蛋白聚集。Fluor488是荧光素(FITC或FAM)及CY2的优异替代品,用于生物偶联物单分子检测、荧光相关光谱和荧光偏振测量表现极为突出。在荧光显微镜和流式细胞术也得到广泛应用,Fluor488是目前极佳的水溶性小分子绿色荧光染料之一。






应用参考文献:
- Karver, M. R.; Weissleder, R.; Hilderbrand, S. A.Bioorthogonal reaction pairs enable simultaneous,selective, multi-target imaging. Angew. Chem., Int.Ed. 2012, 51, 920--922.
- Lundberg, E.; Sundberg, M.; Graeslund, T.; Uhlen,M.; Svahn, H. A. A novel method for reproducible fluorescent labeling of small amounts of antibodies on solid phase. J. Immunol. Methods 2007, 322,40--49.
- Comparison between photostability of Alexa Fluor 448 and Alexa Fluor 647 with conventional dyes FITC and APC by flow cytometry.Int J Lab Hematol. 2018 Jun;40(3):e52-e54.
Fluor555
Fluor555是一种橘黄色-橙红色荧光染料,是Cyanine3的类似物,常用于代替Cyanine3、TAMRA染料使用。Fluor555染料的极性很大,水溶性强,荧光亮度和荧光稳定性也极好,是蛋白/抗体标记的良好染料。从化学结构上看,Fluor555的母核是花菁素Cyanine3,但是母核上带有多达4个磺酸根基团,四磺酸结构让其具有极度亲水性,染料标记到蛋白表面后,不会改变蛋白表面极性,降低了蛋白疏水化聚集沉淀的风险,同时极大降低了染料局部靠近而荧光淬灭的概率,因此Fluor555标记后的蛋白往往发出更强的荧光。但因为目前市面上使用的流式细胞仪大部分是传统流式细胞仪(非光谱流式细胞仪),激光器的适配度不是最佳,Fluor555染料更多是用在荧光成像领域。




应用参考文献:
- Arcangeli, A.; Becchetti, A.; Pillozzi, S.; Masselli,M.; De Lorenzo, E. Method and kit for the prevention and/or the monitoring of chemo resistance of leukemia forms. PCT Int. Appl. WO 2011058509,2011.
- Lundberg, E.; Sundberg, M.; Graeslund, T.; Uhlen,M.; Svahn, H. A. A novel method for reproducible fluorescent labeling of small amounts of antibodies on solid phase. J. Immunol. Methods 2007, 322,40--49.
Fluor568
Fluor568荧光染料与561nm激光器完美匹配,该红橙色荧光染料激发/发射最大值约为578/602nm,在许多共聚焦激光扫描显微镜中使用的561nm二极管激光器中能获得最佳激发效果。Fluor568具有罗丹明类化合物的母核,通过引入两个磺酸根离子来优化染料的水溶性和光学性质,在被激发时发明亮的橘红色荧光,荧光非常灵敏、稳定,可用于检测低丰度靶标,是优异的水溶性小分子荧光标记染料。


应用参考文献:
- Jafar Mahmoudian, Reza Hadavi, Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani.Comparison of the Photobleaching and Photostability Traits of Alexa Fluor 568- and Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-conjugated Antibody.Cell J. 2011 Fall;13(3):169-72.
- Seyed Nasser Ostad, Sepideh Babaei , Ali Ahmad Bayat. Photobleaching Comparison of R-Phycoerythrin-Streptavidin and Streptavidin-Alexa Fluor 568 in a Breast Cancer Cell Line. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother. 2019 Feb;38(1):25-29.
- Tamás Gajdos , Béla Hopp.Hot-Band Anti-Stokes Fluorescence Properties of Alexa Fluor 568.J Fluoresc.2020 May;30(3):437-443.
Fluor594
Fluor594是在Fluor568结构基础上甲基化修饰的罗丹明类化合物。两个磺酸根离子也起到优化染料性质的作用。在被激发时发明亮的红色荧光,荧光非常灵敏,稳定,可用于检测低丰度靶标。Fluor594是优异的水溶性小分子荧光标记染料,适用于标记各种目标分子,广泛应用于各种生物实验。用Fluor594染料制备的结合物在光谱红色区域发出荧光,因此特别适用于与绿色荧光探针结合用于多重标记实验。Fluor594的光谱特征和Cyanine3.5、Texas Red光谱特征相似,但是荧光强度更强,是Texas Red的优异替代物。




应用参考文献:
- Arcangeli, A.; Becchetti, A.; Pillozzi, S.; Masselli,M.; De Lorenzo, E. Method and kit for the prevention and/or the monitoring of chemo resistance of leukemia forms. PCT Int. Appl. WO 2011058509,2011.
- Green, D. P. L.; Rawle, C. B. Analysis system and method. PCT Int. Appl. WO 2009082242, 2009.
- N Panchuk-Voloshina , R P Haugland, J Bishop-Stewart. Alexa dyes, a series of new fluorescent dyes that yield exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates. J Histochem Cytochem. 1999 Sep;47(9):1179-88.
Fluor647
Fluor647荧光染料的光谱几乎与Cyanine5光谱完全一致,因此为Cyanine5设计的光学滤光片的匹配度也可达到最佳。然而,Fluor647抗体偶联物总荧光强度通常会明显高于Cyanine5偶联物。并且Fluor647与大多数蛋白质、寡核苷酸和核酸偶联时,其吸光度或荧光光谱几乎没有变化,因此在相同的取代程度下,总荧光强度更高,是Cyanine5的优良替代物。



应用参考文献:
- Liming Ou, Qingyu Lv, Canjun Wu, Huaijie Hao. Development of a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-specific IgM in human serum specimens.J Microbiol Methods. 2016 May:124:35-40.
- N Panchuk-Voloshina , R P Haugland, J Bishop-Stewart. Alexa dyes, a series of new fluorescent dyes that yield exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates. J Histochem Cytochem. 1999 Sep;47(9):1179-88.
- Ryo Tsumura , Ryuta Sato , Fumiaki Furuya.Feasibility study of the Fab fragment of a monoclonal antibody against tissue factor as a diagnostic tool.Int J Oncol. 2015 Dec;47(6):2107-14.
- Comparison between photostability of Alexa Fluor 448 and Alexa Fluor 647 with conventional dyes FITC and APC by flow cytometry.Int J Lab Hematol. 2018 Jun;40(3):e52-e54.
Fluor680
Fluor680染料的峰值激发波长为680nm,最大发射波长为702nm,其光谱特征与Cyanine5.5染料相似。Fluor680染料的荧光与常用的其他红色荧光染料(如四甲基罗丹明、R-藻红蛋白、Fluor594和Fluor647)的发射光信号明显分离,因此非常适合进行多色标记。


应用参考文献
- Ogawa, M.; Regino, C. A.; Choyke, P. L.; Kobayashi,H. In vivo target-specific activatable near-infrared optical labeling of humanized monoclonal antibodies.Mol. Cancer Ther. 2009, 8, 232--239.
- N Panchuk-Voloshina , R P Haugland, J Bishop-Stewart. Alexa dyes, a series of new fluorescent dyes that yield exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates. J Histochem Cytochem. 1999 Sep;47(9):1179-88.
Fluor750
Fluor750与Cyanine7染料在光谱上极为相似,是Cyanine7的优异替代物,荧光发射最大波长为770nm,与常用的远红荧光物质(Fluor647或APC)最大发射光波长相比,相隔较远,因此便于进行多色分析。


应用参考文献:
- Paris-Robidas, S.; Emond, V.; Tremblay, C.; Soulet,D.; Calon, F. In vivo labeling of brain capillary endothelial cells after intravenous injection ofmonoclonal antibodies targeting the transferrin receptor. Mol. Pharmacol. 2011, 80, 32--39.
- Paudyal, P.; Paudyal, B.; Iida, Y.; Oriuchi, N.;Hanaoka, H.; Tominaga, H.; Ishikita, T.; Yoshioka,H.; Higuchi, T.; Endo, K. Dual functional molecular imaging probe targeting CD20 with PET and optical imaging. Oncol. Rep. 2009, 22, 115--119.
- Moinuddin Hassan 1, Victor Chernomordik, Rafal Zielinski.In vivo method to monitor changes in HER2 expression using near-infrared fluorescence imaging.Mol Imaging.2012 Jun;11(3):177-86.
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