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This gene encodes the ghrelin-obestatin preproprotein that is cleaved to yield two peptides, ghrelin and obestatin. Ghrelin is a powerful appetite stimulant and plays an important role in energy homeostasis. Its secretion is initiated when the stomach is empty, whereupon it binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in the hypothalamus which results in the secretion of growth hormone (somatotropin). Ghrelin is thought to regulate multiple activities, including hunger, reward perception via the mesolimbic pathway, gastric acid secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and pancreatic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. It was initially proposed that obestatin plays an opposing role to ghrelin by promoting satiety and thus decreasing food intake, but this action is still debated. Recent reports suggest multiple metabolic roles for obestatin, including regulating adipocyte functionfunction:Ghrelin is the ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 (GHSR). Induces the release of growth hormone from the pituitary. Has an appetite-stimulating effect, induces adiposity and stimulates gastric acid secretion. Involved in growth regulation.,function:Obestatin may be the ligand for GPR39. May have an appetite-reducing effect resulting in decreased food intake. May reduce gastric emptying activity and jejunal motility.,mass spectrometry:Ghrelin-27-C10, O-decanoylated form PubMed:12414809,mass spectrometry:Ghrelin-27-C8, O-octanoylated form PubMed:12414809,mass spectrometry:Ghrelin-28-C10, O-decanoylated form PubMed:12414809,mass spectrometry:Ghrelin-28-C10:1, O-decenoylated form PubMed:12414809,mass spectrometry:Ghrelin-28-C8, O-octanoylated form PubMed:12414809,online information:Ghrelin entry,online information:Gut feelings - Issue 66 of January 2006,PTM:Amidation of Leu-98 is essential for obestatin activity.,PTM:O-octanoylation or O-decanoylation is essential for ghrelin activity. The O-decanoylated forms Ghrelin-27-C10 and Ghrelin-28-C10 differ in the length of the carbon backbone of the carboxylic acid bound to Ser-26. A small fraction of ghrelin, ghrelin-28-C10:1, may be modified with a singly unsaturated carboxylic acid.,similarity:Belongs to the motilin family.,tissue specificity:Highest level in stomach. All forms are found in serum as well. Other tissues compensate for the loss of ghrelin synthesis in the stomach following gastrectomy.,
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