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The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family, and functions as a receptor for angiotensin II. It is an intergral membrane protein that is highly expressed in fetus, but scantily in adult tissues, except brain, adrenal medulla, and atretic ovary. This receptor has been shown to mediate programmed cell death and this apoptotic function may play an important role in developmental biology and pathophysiology. Mutations in this gene are been associated with X-linked cognitive disability. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 infection result in down-regulation of ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme-2) receptors which triggers serious inflammatory lesions, primarily in the lungs. The inflammatory reaction is mediated by angiotensin II derivatives; however, while the ACE2-angiotensin II-angiotensin AT1 receptor pathway contributes to the pathophysiology of ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), the activation of the ACE-2-angiotensin(1-7)-angiotensin AT2 receptor and the ACE-2-angiotensin(1-7)-Mas receptor pathways have been shown to be protective. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2020]
